Organizational Safety Culture Research Articles

The Framework of Construction Workers Safety: Evaluating the Effectiveness of Safety Practices in Construction Industry

Abstract: This study aims to investigate the multifaceted approach to safety and health management practices within the construction industry, with the ultimate goal of delineating their impact on reducing workplace incidents and enhancing overall safety culture. In order to achieve this goal, a mixed-methods research design is employed, which combines quantitative data from structured surveys across a diverse sample of construction sites with qualitative insights from in-depth interviews and case studies. The findings of the analysis reveal a significant correlation between the frequency and comprehensiveness of safety training programs and a reduction in incident rates. Furthermore, the adoption of advanced safety technologies and equipment, coupled with a strong organizational safety culture, is found to be a pivotal factor in improving safety outcomes. The study also highlights the importance of customizing safety practices to the unique needs of different construction projects to optimize effectiveness.

Employee voice as a means to facilitate organizational safety and crisis preparedness

ABSTRACT A comprehensive diagnosis of an organization’s preparedness for a crisis requires an examination of its climate beyond the influences from the management. This study emphasizes the crucial role employees play in establishing and maintaining a climate that will survive crises by examining the function of promotive and prohibitive voice in fostering a culture of safety. The current study proposed a model in which employee promotive and prohibitive voices impact organizational crisis preparedness through the mediation of organizational safety culture. 329 working adults participated in the study through answering an online questionnaire on MTurk. The data were consistent with the proposed path model, demonstrating the critical role that employee voice plays in creating a culture of safety, which ultimately leaves an organization adequately or inadequately prepared for a potential crisis event.

The Relationship of Organizational Culture and Patient Safety Culture on Service Development in The Hospital Dr. Ario Wirawan Salatiga

The primary objective of his research is to examine the relationship between the organizational culture and patient safety culture at the Dr. Ario Wirawan Pulmonary Hospital in Salatiga, specifically in the context of service development. Dr. Ario Wirawan Salatiga admitted 99 participants to the study at Lung Hospital. Data collection was conducted through the use of a questionnaire. Utilizing a non-probability sampling method for the sampling procedure. The data analysis technique included multiple linear regression analyses. The study's findings indicate that organizational culture has a pivotal role in stimulating service growth, exerting a distinct and substantial influence. The study's findings clearly indicate that the most prominent part of patient safety culture in hospitals is "teamwork in units." Conversely, the aspects that need enhancement include "staffing" and "handoff and transition." (2) A robust safety culture has a substantial and beneficial impact on the advancement of services.

The Critical Role of Leadership in Patient Safety Culture: A Mediation Analysis of Management Influence on Safety Factors.

This research aims to investigate the role of management leadership in promoting a culture of patient safety within healthcare organizations. Through a comprehensive mediation analysis of the Chinese version of the safety attitudes questionnaire (CSAQ) and patient safety culture, the study examines the interplay between these critical factors and their combined influence on healthcare outcomes. In a medical center located in Taiwan, a cross-sectional survey was carried out utilizing the CSAQ. Among the 1500 distributed surveys, 1037 were returned and deemed valid, resulting in a return rate of 69.13%. To investigate the main measures, Structural Equation Modeling with mediation analysis was employed to scrutinize the direct and indirect effects of factors including teamwork climate, job satisfaction, stress recognition, perceptions of management, working conditions, and emotional exhaustion on safety climate. The findings reveal that effective management leadership plays a pivotal role in shaping safety attitudes and fostering a robust patient safety culture. The study identifies three critical facets of patient safety that are entirely mediated by management perceptions: teamwork climate, working conditions, and stress recognition. The results highlight the importance of enhancing these dimensions to advance the patient safety culture within healthcare organizations. Moreover, stress recognition is identified as a critical factor influencing the organizational culture of patient safety. This research offers valuable insights for healthcare organizations seeking to prioritize patient safety and improve overall quality of care. By enhancing our understanding of the critical factors that shape safety attitudes and patient safety culture, this study provides a roadmap for effective management leadership and a culture of patient safety within healthcare organizations. The study underscores the significance of management leadership in promoting patient safety culture and highlights the importance of enhancing teamwork climate, working conditions, and stress recognition to advance patient safety culture.

Organizational learning, quality and safety culture in patient care: comparing Colombia and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to determine the interactions between factors such as organizational learning, feedback about errors, punitive response to errors and communication quality in hospitals in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Colombia when adopting a culture of quality and safety (CQS) in patient care.Design/methodology/approachBased on a literature review, a self-administered questionnaire was developed and used to collect data from 417 Saudi respondents affiliated with hospitals and 483 Colombian respondents at the beginning of the pandemic. Structural equation modeling is used in this study to test the hypothesized relationships.FindingsThe results show a solid and significant predictive relationship between feedback about errors and the CQS in both countries (Colombia: b = 0.55, p < 0.001; KSA: b = 0.44, p < 0.001), but a very low and insignificant predictive relationship between no punitive response to errors and CQS (Colombia: b = –0.02, p > 0.05; KSA: b = 0.05, p > 0.05).Practical implicationsThis study demonstrates the importance of organizational learning in fostering a CQS in the health-care sector in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Colombia. Recent unprecedented policy actions motivated by the COVID-19 pandemic, such as social distancing, lockdowns and safety practices enforcement, have further highlighted this concern. Moreover, attention to the dimensions addressed in this study is required for accreditation purposes in organizations seeking to promote a CQS. Overall, this research highlights the vital role of safety and quality practices among health-care organizations, which has significant policy implications, especially in the current period of high uncertainty.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the theory and practice in the health-care sector by extending the current knowledge of the impact of the quality of communications, non-punitive response to errors and feedback about errors in organizational learning and safety culture, and by presenting a novel, quantitative methodology seldom used for these topics.

Safety attitudes among workers in Malaysian chemical manufacturing plants

AbstractStatistics in Malaysia show that accident cases in the manufacturing industry are the highest compared with other sectors. Concerns regarding changing workers' attitudes, controlling their current perceptions, and installing knowledge and experiences that travel through the culture are necessary. This study investigates workers' attitudes to safety between executives and operators. A total number of 309 respondents voluntarily participated. Results report that respondents' attitude toward individual responsibility (M = 4.24, SD = 0.63) is the highest, followed by the effectiveness of safety arrangements (M = 3.91, SD = 0.81) and safeness of the work environment (M = 3.17, SD = 0.73). Results revealed a significant difference between groups (t = 6.67, p = 0.014) for personal skepticism and (t = 15.775, p = 0.001) for personal immunity. There was a statistically positive correlation between attitudes measured with selected demographic factors. It can be concluded that increases in the level of education were associated with increases in individual responsibility, and an increase in age was directly correlated with increases in the effectiveness of safety arrangements. Furthermore, different groups of workers influence their attitudes toward safety arrangements and safeness of the work environment. This study can be used as a preliminary study or the first step for enhancing an organizational safety culture through behavior and attitude change.

Improving safety performance in the Nigerian oil and gas construction industry through human factor engineering

Background The Nigerian Oil and Gas construction industry faces challenges in incident prevention due to conflicting factors, including inadequate resource allocation, prioritization of quality and production over safety, communication gaps, insufficient supervision, poor workplace design, low risk perception, limited management commitment, worker incompetence, deficient design systems, and planning deficiencies. This research aims to develop a human factor engineering (HFE) model that supports the prevention of losses in Oil and Gas construction activities in Nigeria by assessing the influence of human factors on workers' behavior and organizational safety culture. Methods The study involved skilled construction workers with a minimum of two years of experience in upstream, downstream, and midstream sectors. Data collection utilized a descriptive study design with self-administered, structured questionnaires. IBM SPSS AMOS Structural Equation Modeling software was used for data analysis. Results The results indicate statistically significant Pearson's correlation coefficients between human factors and organizational safety culture, with p-values of 0.003, 0.002, 0.004, 0.009, and 0.002 for workplace, task, personal, organizational, and design factors, respectively. The structural equation regression model reveals statistically significant human factors and organizational safety culture, with path coefficients of -0.888, 2.630, -1.59, 4.645, and 0.492 for personal, organizational, workplace, design, and task factors, respectively. Conclusions The research concludes that engineered human factors contribute to improved safety performance in the Oil and Gas construction industry. To enhance safety, the study recommends that the Nigerian government establishes a construction safety board, organizations implement integrated contractor construction health and safety management systems, and workers take personal responsibility for their safety.

Management of adverse events in a Moroccan regional hospital: a state of art and perspectives.

the risk management system is useful to identify, analyze, and reduce the risk occurrence of adverse events (AEs) in health services. This system suggests useful improvements to patients and to the whole institution and also contributes to the acquisition of a collective and organizational safety culture. This study presented a state of the art of the management of AEs identified in different services of a regional hospital in the north of Morocco. this is a retrospective cross-sectional exploratory study carried out from 2017 to 2019 using observations and semi-structured interviews, which were recorded, re-transcribed, and analyzed. Data was also collected from audit reports, results of investigations of the nosocomial infection control committee and the risk management commission, AEs declaration sheets, and meetings reports. a number of 83 AEs were recorded, 10 of which were urgent. The reported events were related to care, infection risk, the drugs circuit, and medico-technical events. Two hundred cases of nosocomial infections were also recorded, of which 75 occurred in the intensive care unit and 35 in the maternity service. Surgical site infections were the most frequently reported complication. Adverse events were related to organizational failure, equipment problems, and errors related to professional practices. our findings may guide the improvement of the event management system in order to reduce the occurrence of future incidents. Thus, improving the risk management system requires setting up training strategies for staff on the importance of this system and its mode of operation.

Improving patient safety governance andsystems through learning from successes andfailures: qualitative surveys andinterviews with international experts.

Patient harm is a leading cause of global disease burden with considerable morbidity, mortality, and economic impacts for individuals, families, and wider society. Large bodies of evidence exist for strategies to improve safety and reduce harm. However, it is not clear which patient safety issues are being addressed globally, and which factors are the most (or least) important contributors to patient safety improvements. We aimed to explore the perspectives of international patient safety experts to identify: (1) the nature and range of patient safety issues being addressed, and (2) aspects of patient safety governance and systems that are perceived to provide value (or not) in improving patient outcomes. English-speaking Fellows and Experts of the International Society for Quality in Healthcare participated in a web-based survey and in-depth semistructured interview, discussing their experience in implementing interventions to improve patient safety. Data collection focused on understanding the elements of patient safety governance that influence outcomes. Demographic survey data were analysed descriptively. Qualitative data were coded, analysed thematically (inductive approach), and mapped deductively to the System-Theoretic Accident Model and Processes framework. Findings are presented as themes and a patient safety governance model. The study was approved by the University of South Australia Human Research Ethics Committee. Twenty-seven experts (59% female) participated. Most hailed from Africa (n = 6, 22%), Australasia, and the Middle East (n = 5, 19% each). The majority were employed in hospital settings (n = 23, 85%), and reported blended experience across healthcare improvement (89%), accreditation (76%), organizational operations (64%), and policy (60%). The number and range of patient safety issues within our sample varied widely with 14 topics being addressed. Thematically, 532 textual segments were grouped into 90 codes (n = 44 barriers, n = 46 facilitators) and used to identify and arrange key patient safety governance actors and factors as a 'system' within the System-Theoretic Accident Model and Processes framework. Four themes for improved patient safety governance were identified: (1) 'safety culture' in healthcare organizations, (2) 'policies and procedures' to investigate, implement, and demonstrate impact from patient safety initiatives, (3) 'supporting staff' to upskill and share learnings, and (4) 'patient engagement, experiences, and expectations'. For sustainable patient safety governance, experts highlighted the importance of safety culture in healthcare organizations, national patient safety policies and regulatory standards, continuing education for staff, and meaningful patient engagement approaches. Our proposed 'patient safety governance model' provides policymakers and researchers with a framework to develop data-driven patient safety policy.

Investigating the Relationship between Safety and Organizational Culture in the Production Line Employees of One of the Automobile Companies

Background and Objective: Safety activities focus on reducing workplace risks, and very few activities focus on increasing organizational and safety culture. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between organizational culture and safety at one of the largest automobile companies in the country. Materials and Methods: The current research was a correlational study that was conducted at a specific point in time. The statistical population of this research was the employees of paint and body salons of an automobile company. In total, 402 people were selected using the limited population sampling formula. The data collection tool, which was a questionnaire, had three sections, including demographic characteristics, organizational culture, and employee safety culture. In order to investigate organizational culture, a 29-question questionnaire based on the 10 indicators of the Robbins model was used, and for organizational culture, a 37-question organizational culture questionnaire was used. Results: The average age of the participants was 36.06±4.72 years, and the average organizational culture score in this industrial unit was 84.03±18.45. The correlation test showed the relationship between organizational culture and safety culture to be 0.652 and significant (P&lt;0.001). In addition, 69.6% of observations were unsafe, and 30.4% were safe. No statistically significant relationship was found between unsafe behavior and demographic variables, except for age and work experience. Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between safety and organizational culture, and individual factors and management factors had the greatest impact on safety culture. Safety culture, as a part of the organizational culture structure in organizations and industries, focuses on occupational health and safety issues. Giving importance to the safety culture or any change in the work culture and attitude of the employees can help overcome the obstacles in the way of safety in the workplace.

Understanding the regulator-regulatee relationship for developing safety culture.

Regulatory authorities in safety-critical industries typically seek to influence the safety culture of the organizations they oversee. However, we know little about how regulatory authorities achieve this influence (e.g., what roles are adopted, relationship characteristics) and, more generally, about how external actors shape an organization's safety culture. Using a qualitative design in the nuclear industry, we developed our conceptual and empirical understanding of the roles through which a regulator influences the safety culture of their regulated organizations and what characteristics within the regulator-regulatee relationship facilitate positive safety culture developments. Data were collected through interviews with inspectors from a nuclear regulator and employees of regulated nuclear organizations, and from an inspection of regulatory documents. The findings identified that the regulator was perceived to hold three complementary roles for safety culture development: being an enforcer, working as a partner (providing opportunities for licenseholders to improve beyond compliance), and acting as an advisor to regulated organizations. Analysis also showed that effective relationships in these roles, and which were central to influencing safety culture, were perceived to be characterized by professionalism, transparency, and balance between formal enforcement and informal exchange. Theoretical implications to advance conceptualizations of safety culture as well as practical implications for risk regulators are discussed.

Organizational Factors And Safety Culture Maturity Among Seafarers: Towards Maritime Safety

The quality of seafarers accessible to shipowners is the main problem for the maritime industry in terms of loss prevention. Any shipping company's safety and effectiveness depend on competent officers and the key component of safety performance is safety culture. Due to market pressures, there are times when seafarers are hired who may lack the expertise, experience, or attitude necessary to adopt business preferences, alter their conduct, or make wise decisions. However, the evolution of safety culture maturity among seafarers or the interrelation between the safety culture maturity level antecedents has only been exposed to a limited number of studies. The region seafarers responded to 286 usable Microsoft Forms questionnaires. Using reliability, explanatory factor, normality, correlation, regression analysis, and descriptive statistics in SPSS version 23, the data was quantified using a 5 points Likert scale. The analysis attested the region’s seafarers are at a "calculative" maturity level. Information, organizational learning, communication, commitment, and involvement were the organizational factors directly influencing the safety culture maturity. This study, one-of-a-kind in the region hopefully could put up some facts and figures in the context of seafarers’ level of safety culture maturity.

간호학생의 임상실습 중 환자안전사고 경험

Objectives The purpose of this study is to describe and understand the nature of this experience by identifying the meaning and structure of patient safety accidents experienced by nursing students during clinical practice.&#x0D; Methods Participants in the study were 3rd and 4th graders with clinical practice experience among nursing students at 1 university in D City, and those who agreed to participate in this study among students who experienced patient safety accidents in clinical practice. The main question used in the interview was, “What was the patient safety accident you experienced during clinical practice as a nursing student.It was conducted as a phenomenological study to understand and describe the nature of experience in depth, and data analysis followed the procedure proposed by Colaizzi.&#x0D; Results A total of 162 key statements were extracted from the original data. As a result of constructing the meaning as a statement that can best reflect the content among the main statements, 86 meanings could be constructed. From these meanings, the general meaning could be derived and composed of 18 topics representing the participants' experience in patient safety accidents during clinical practice. The study participants' experience in patient safety accidents during clinical practice could be identified into three categories: “a comprehensive inspection is required,” “a lack of competency,” and “a desperate need for prevention,” nine subject vowels and 18 topics.&#x0D; Conclusions Patient safety accidents are related to the organization's patient safety culture, and this experience indicates that nursing students need to strengthen their capabilities in stages, establish an organization's reporting and learning system, and conduct overall patient safety inspections.

A Safety Huddle Intervention in In-Patient Surgical Units: A Mixed-Methods Study

Open communication about patient safety concerns is necessary to enable a learning environment where lessons can be learned to improve patient safety, but nurses often hesitate to speak up even in situations where their patients may be at risk. One way to create a safe environment for speaking up is through the use of unit-level daily huddles. This study aimed to assess the effects of a 12-week huddle intervention on nine unit, nurse and patient care outcomes and describe nurses’ experiences with the intervention. We used a single group, pre- and post-test mixed-methods design, with a dominant quantitative thread, and a final sample of 89 staff nurses. The intervention was conducted in four surgical units in a tertiary teaching hospital in Seoul, Korea. The intervention included two educational workshops for huddle leaders, two workshops for staff nurses, and 12-week huddles with coaching visits. We collected quantitative data on nine outcomes using online surveys before and after the intervention and qualitative data on nurse experiences of the intervention after the intervention. Paired t-tests were used for quantitative data analysis, and content analysis was used for qualitative data. We examined four unit-level outcomes (organizational learning, situation monitoring, mutual support, and speaking-up climate), three nurse-level outcomes (promotive and prohibitive voice behaviors and job satisfaction), and two patient care outcomes (patient safety and quality of care). Significant improvements were found in six of the nine outcomes. Findings from the qualitative data confirmed the benefits of the intervention but also identified challenges to huddle participation. Patient safety huddles can contribute to a learning environment by flattening hierarchies and encouraging nurses to speak up regarding safety issues. Leadership is a key in role modelling and creating the foundation for a more collaborative patient safety culture in healthcare organizations, for example, through the use of daily huddles.

Analyses of Critical Success Factors and Barriers to the Implementation of Indonesian Mining Safety Management System: Case Study of a Nickel Mine &amp; Processing Company

A very high level of work risk makes the implementation of an occupational health and safety management system imperative, particularly for mining businesses. Because it has an impact on the business's performance, sustainability, and reputation, mining safety is an issue of critical importance. The Republic of Indonesia's government has enacted regulations requiring the Mineral and Coal Mining Safety Management System (SMKP MINERBA) to be applied, as detailed in MEMR Regulation No. 26 of 2018 and its derivatives, through the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (MEMR). The implementation of SMKP MINERBA, however, is still insufficient as shown by the rise in mining accidents that result in harm, lost productivity, and even fatalities. The study came to the conclusion that the existing CSFs could be categorized using the seven factors: SMKP good governance; strong organizational safety culture; organizing and resource availability; Specific - Measurable - Attainable - Relevant - Time Bound (SMART) planning and periodic monitoring; management commitment and strategy; effective Occupational Health &amp; Industrial Hygiene (OH-IH) management; and compliance and safety leadership. In the meantime, the barriers may be classified as follows: low SMKP management commitment, inadequate safety leadership, and poor OHS strategy and execution. Rankings of CSFs and Barriers were also established using the Relative Importance Index (RII), and the ratings might be used by Management to enhance the organization further. As a consequence, the findings of this study and the solutions offered are beneficial to the industry since they may increase practitioners' knowledge and support them in expanding their acceptance in organizations

Construct Maritime Safety Culture to Reduce Risk Occurrence Through Implement of Balanced Scorecard

_ This study aims to assess navigation safety by enhancing maritime management based on balanced scorecard (BSC). Although the International Safety Management Regulations and the Ship Safety Management System have safety related definitions and provide standard safety regulations, but lack effective management processes. This study used path analysis and regression analysis to analyze the safety outcomes relationship among organization safety culture, work condition, and framework condition sectors. In this study, 173 valid sample questionnaires were collected to answer the influence of organizational culture, working environment, service process, and framework conditions on ship navigation safety. The suggestions mentioned expect to establish a maritime management-based BSC that could pave the way for the application of maritime safety around the organization culture. Introduction Safety management is an important part of organization management process. The purpose of safety management is to prevent accidents, so organizations need to develop, plan, implement, and track risks related to personal, environmental, or property safety in order to minimize risks. The rapid development of China’s economy has promoted the increase of economic, trade, and ship navigation between Taiwan and Chinese mainland, and the number of ships in Taiwan and other countries has also increased. Maritime transportation plays a significant role in the integrated transportation system, especially in international trade system. Safety is a crucial factor due to the fact that various accidents like ship collisions and groundings often result in great economic loss, fatalities, and the environmental contamination. This information shows that Taiwan plays a key maritime role in Asia and the world. Previously, several frameworks for assessing the effects of organizational aspects on risk or safety have been published within different domains (Embrey 1992; Pate-Cornell &amp; Murphy 1996; Oien 2001; Roelen et al. 2003; Mohaghegh et al. 2009) and in the maritime transportation field (Trucco et al. 2008). However, these have not addressed the navigation safety process management through systematic concepts and empirical study, they only emphasized the reducing risk on the maritime safety.

Developing an Assessment Framework for Evaluating Knowledge-Based Safety Culture in Construction Organizations

ABSTRACT Many studies on safety in construction projects have indicated that positive safety culture in the workplace environment would reduce accidents. The inherent project-based characteristic of construction organizations means knowledge and experience are generally lost when a project is completed. This transitory nature hinders an organization’s attempt to develop and maintain a knowledge-based positive safety culture. Also, this can be overcome by continuous monitoring and reviewing of the knowledge-based safety culture required to enforce safety standards and regulations required for construction organizations. In order to achieve this, a quantitative assessment framework for knowledge-based safety culture is a prerequisite. Therefore, this study aims to develop a measurable quantitative framework based on the importance of factors pertaining to psychological, behavioral, organizational, and knowledge dimensions of knowledge-based safety culture. A survey questionnaire is employed to examine the importance of these factors. The survey findings are used to formulate a framework suitable for use in the construction industry. Furthermore, this framework is validated by considering case scenarios among safety-certified and non-certified construction organizations. The proposed analytical framework can be used for assessing the knowledge-based safety culture scores of construction organizations.

Status and Factors Affecting Patient Safety Culture at Dilla University Teaching Hospital: A Mixed-Method Cross-Sectional Study.

Patient safety culture is now at the forefront of the global health agenda and has been designated as a human right. Assessing safety culture is seen to be a prerequisite for improving safety culture in health-care organizations. However, no research has been conducted to examine the current study setup. Therefore, this study aims at assessing the status and factors influencing patient safety culture at Dilla University Teaching Hospital. This cross-sectional institutional-based study was conducted from February to March 2022 at Dilla University Hospital. The study used both qualitative and quantitative methods. A total of 272 health professionals were included in the survey. The qualitative data was collected using Key Informant Interviews and In-depth Interviews and 10 health professionals were selected purposively to meet the study objective. The overall composite positive patient safety culture response rate in the current study hospital was 37% (95% CI: 35.3, 38.8). Out of the 12 dimensions, teamwork within hospital units was the highest (75.3%), while frequency of event reporting was the lowest (20.7%) positive percentage response. Only two of the 12 dimensions scored above 50%. Factors affecting patient safety culture majorly at organizational and individual level were poor/low attitude of health professionals, poor documentation practice, and poor cooperation by clients, lack of training and continuous education, lack of standard operating procedure, Staff shortage and high work load. This study revealed that the overall composite positive patient safety culture response rate within the surveyed facility was alarmingly low compared to other hospitals in various countries. The results indicate that there is a need for improvement in areas such as event reporting, documentation, health-care workers' attitude, and staff training. Hospitals must prioritize patient safety by cultivating a strong safety culture through effective leadership, adequate staffing, and education to enhance overall patient care.

서비스업종에서의 안전리더십이 안전문화, 안전행동에 미치는 영향연구

According to recent statistics, the number of service workers in the industry exceeded 11,714,000 in 2017 to 13,825,000 in 2021, with about 4,217,000 in manufacturing and 1,651,000 in construction, the largest number of service workers in the industry. In addition, it is confirmed that the incidence of industrial accidents by size is the highest among those with less than 50 employees. The roadmap for reducing serious accidents recently announced by the Ministry of Employment and Labor aims to reduce industrial accidents through autonomous safety and health management of companies, such as the spread of safety awareness and safety culture within the organization. Based on previous studies that the role of workers in the organization is important for the organization's safety culture, and safety leadership affects organizational safety culture and safety behavior, this study attempted to confirm how safety leadership in the service sector affects safety culture and safety behavior. Safety leadership is an independent variable, and 206 workers in the service sector at workplaces with more than 50 employees and workplaces with less than 50 employees were examined to determine how it affects safety behavior, such as well as procedures, consciousness, and attitudes. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to secure compatibility and reliability of the tool, and the Cronbach's alpha value was derived. In addition, frequency analysis and descriptive statistics analysis were performed to understand the characteristics of the study subject and major variables, and Pearson correlation analysis was used to determine the correlation between major variables. The mediating effect was analyzed using the Process macro, and the significance of the mediating effect was confirmed through the Bootstrapping-test. The significance of all statistical results was based on 0.05. As a result of the study, safety leadership was found to have a forward effect on safety culture and safety behavior, but more than 50 people and less than 50 people showed different patterns. In other words, safety leadership directly affected safety culture and safety behavior in workplaces with more than 50 employees, but safety leadership directly affected safety culture in workplaces with less than 50 employees.Through the results of this study, the research and policy suggestions necessary in the future are as follows. First, a detailed study on the sub-factors of each variable is needed. Second, it is necessary to identify additional variables that affect the safety culture of the service industry by size and prepare measures to spread and improve the safety culture in institutional and step-by-step ways.

Safety culture in the operating room: translation, validation of the safety attitudes questionnaire – operating room version

BackgroundMeasuring the safety culture in Healthcare is an important step in improving patient safety. One of the most commonly used instruments to measure the safety climate is the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ). The aim of the current study was to establish the validity and reliability of the Slovenian version of the SAQ for the operating room SAQ-OR.MethodsThe SAQ, consisting of six dimensions, was translated and adapted to the Slovenian context and applied in operating rooms from seven out of ten Slovenian regional hospitals. Cronbach’s alpha and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to evaluate the reliability and validity of the instrument.ResultsThe sample consisted of 243 health care professionals who hold positions in the OR, divided into 4 distinct professional classes, namely, 76 surgeons (31%), 15 anesthesiologists (6%), 140 nurses (58%) and 12 auxiliary persons (5%). It was observed a very good Cronbach's alpha (0.77 to 0.88). The CFA and its goodness-of-fit indices (CFI 0.912, TLI 0.900, RMSE 0.056, SRMR 0.056) showed an acceptable model fit. There are 28 items in the final model.ConclusionsThe Slovenian version of the SAQ-OR revealed good psychometric properties for studying the organisational safety culture.